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BATR no.3
Brit-Am Tribal Researches
5 September 2011, 6 Elul 5771.
Contents:
1. Which Tribe for Each Country?
Notes Towards Criteria to Determine the Tribal Identity of Every Israelite Nation.
2. Tribal identification and Bible Code Indications.
3. The Tribe of Levi.
(a) Not to be Conscripted with the Other Tribes.
(b) Not to be Kings.
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1. Which Tribe for Each Country?
Notes Towards Criteria to Determine the Tribal Identity of Every Israelite Nation.
Criteria Employed Until Now.
(1. Correspondence between position of country in relation to other Israelite States as compared to location of Tribe vis-a-vis other Israelite Tribes in the Wilderness Encampment and in the Land of Israel.
(2. Similarity of Names of Israelite Peoples who settled in country to names of Tribe and Tribal Clans.
(3. National Characteristics as compared to Tribal Character as found in Bible, Rabbinical Statements, and Major Commentators.
(4. National Symbols and popular representations etc as compared to Israelite Tribal Emblems, colors, totem animals, etc.
(5. Bible Code Indications. Not used as a priori evidence but rather to confirm and enhance results achieved through the 4 previous methods listed above.
cf.
Ephraimite Criteria
http://www.britam.org/criteria.html
Blessings: Economic and Physical Blessings as promised to Israel in Scripture.
Indications of Scripture: Biblical Evidence predicting whereto the Lost Ten Tribes would go, what type of religion and government they would have, etc.
Groundwork: Historical, Archaeological, and Related Proofs showing paths of migration. See Jeremiah 31:21. Dolmens showing Pathway of Migration Jeremiah 31:21
Judah: Affinity with the Jews. : This entails proven feelings of kinship and sympathy with the Jews and a Relative Lack of Anti-Semitism when compared with others. This holds true even though Prophecy (Isaiah 11:13) also indicates that a certain degree of tension would always exist almost to the end between "Ephraim" and Judah.
Originality: Innovation and Intellect: A minimal degree of national Intellectual Wisdom and Honesty, cf. Deuteronomy 4:6.
Bravery: Proven Military Prowess in the past at least and at present in potential, see Deuteronomy 33:29.
Empathy: The Doing of Social Justice.
Abraham was blessed to become a great and mighty nation that his descendants might do "justice and judgement" see Genesis 18:19.
Israelite Self-Identification
Family Connection: The identified group should have proven "ethnic" links to at least one of the other identified groups so that the proofs of one may be applied to the other.
Tribal Affiliation: The Exiled Israelites were destined to settle in groups retaining much of their original Tribal cohesion or later through some kind of "homing" instinct members of the same Tribe tended to converge together. See
Hosea 8:10,
Isaiah 11:12 and the Midrash. We should therefore be able to at least tentatively identify specific national groups with specific Israelite Tribes and show how the Tribal Characteristics came through.
2. Tribal identification and Bible Code Indications.
We use Bible Code Indications to confirm and enhance results achieved through the 4 previous methods listed above.
#1. Which Tribe for Each Country?
The Bible Code Indications are not used as a priori evidence for several reasons including our own lack of expertise in their correct usage.
http://www.britam.org/BibleCodes.html
Here are some results of Bible Code Indications as compared to present Brit-Am identifications and our own evaluation of their validity.
America -Machir, Manasseh, Joseph., much evidence, strong.
http://www.britam.org/codesarticles/CodesAmerica.html
Canada - strong.
http://www.britam.org/codesarticles/CodesCanada.html
Britain -strong.
http://www.britam.org/codesarticles/BritainCodes.html
http://www.britam.org/codesarticles/CodesBritAm.html
England -strong
http://www.britam.org/codesarticles/CodesAnglia.html
Scotland -strong for Ephraim, Benjamin, Judah. Not for Asher which previously we have identified Scotland (in part ) with.
http://www.britam.org/codesarticles/CodesScotland.html
Ireland -strong for Judah and Asher. We have found additional evidence for Asher that still needs to published.
http://www.britam.org/codesarticles/CodesIreland.html
Ulster includes Judah but strong for Joseph.
http://www.britam.org/codesarticles/CodesUlster.html
Wales - Israelite but not so strong for specific tribe to the exclusion of alternatives.
Perhaps Joseph, Simeon, Dan. This would be consistent with our previous results.
http://www.britam.org/codesarticles/CodesWales.html
Denmark strong.
http://www.britam.org/codescountries/CodesDenmark.html
Finland. Joseph and Issachar, strong.
http://www.britam.org/codesarticles/CodesFinland.html
Norway: Asher, Gad, Benjamin, Judah. No evidence so far for Naphtali which is who we have identified Norway with.
http://www.britam.org/codesarticles/CodesNorway.html
Sweden: Levi, Judah, Issachar. No evidence so far for Gad which is who we have identified Norway with.
http://www.britam.org/codesarticles/CodesSweden.html
Belgium One published result plus 2 others (not yet published) all for Benjamin. Not strong but existent.
http://www.britam.org/codesarticles/CodesBelgium.html
France - Reuben very strong. Concerning the one main result it could scarcely be better.
http://www.britam.org/codesarticles/CodesFrance.html
Holland - Reuben, Zebulon, Benjamin.
http://www.britam.org/codesarticles/CodesHolland.html
Australia and New Zealand -strong.
http://www.britam.org/Tribesman/CodesTreister.html
http://www.britam.org/Tribesman/CodesAustralia.html
http://www.britam.org/codescountries/CodesNewZealand.html
South Africa, fairly strong.
http://www.britam.org/codesbrit/CodesSouthAfrica.html
Switzerland - new results (not yet published) are indirectly indicative but not conclusive.
Summary:
For most of our identifications the Bible Codes have provided confirmation.
It should be remembered that we began to use the Codes a good few years after we had made the identifications and published them in "The Tribes".
It must also be remarked that in no case have really deep examinations been made. We ran the tests at the simplest level possible. In most cases, what immediately jumped to our attention we noted and then kept going.
The exceptions for which results are poor or non-existent are:
Ireland and the Tribe of Asher could use more confirmation.
Norway and Gad need confirmation. So far no indications whatsoever have been noticed.
Belgium and Switzerland are also problematic.
3. The Tribe of Levi.
(a) Not to be Conscripted with the Other Tribes.
The Tribe of Levi consisted of Priests (Cohens) and Levites. They were to received the first tithe, other offerings, and dwellings in cities scattered throughout the other tribes of Israel.
Deuteronomy 18:
1 The priests, the Levites, all the tribe of Levi, shall have no part nor inheritance with Israel; they shall eat the offerings of the LORD made by fire, and His portion. 2 Therefore they shall have no inheritance among their brethren; the LORD is their inheritance, as He said to them.
The Levites were also not to receive any part of the booty taken in war.
Consequently they were also not obligated to go out to war with the rest of Israel (Sifrei, Shoftim).
This did not necessarily apply to wars of defence and survival but more to wars of expansion and foreign policy.
The Torah Legislation distinguished between Commanded Wars that were necessary and Optional Wars.
As far as Optional Wars were concerned the Levites were not to be included in the conscription of the other tribes.
Nevertheless, a Levite who volunteered to serve in the Armed Forces probably would have been allowed to do so.
We find Banaiah son of the High Priest Yehoyada. Banaiah (2-Samuel 8:18) was an important soldier in the service of David.
He was the head of the Cherethi and Pleti mercenaries and at times in charge of the whole the Army.
2-Samuel 23:
20 Benaiah was the son of Jehoiada, the son of a valiant man from Kabzeel, who had done many deeds. He had killed two lion-like heroes of Moab. He also had gone down and killed a lion in the midst of a pit on a snowy day. 21 And he killed an Egyptian, a spectacular man. The Egyptian had a spear in his hand; so he went down to him with a staff, wrested the spear out of the Egyptian's hand, and killed him with his own spear. 22 These things Benaiah the son of Jehoiada did, and won a name among three mighty men. 23 He was more honored than the thirty, but he did not attain to the first three. And David appointed him over his guard.
1-Chronicles 27:
5 The third captain of the army for the third month was Benaiah, the son of Jehoiada the priest, who was chief; in his division were twenty-four thousand. 6 This was the Benaiah who was mighty among the thirty, and was over the thirty; in his division was Ammizabad his son.
(b) Not to be Kings.
Nachmanides (VaYechi) discusses a tradition whereby the Levites were not to become Kings.
Monarchs could be appointed from any of the Israelite Tribes except that of Levi. The Hasmonean (Maccabees) were however Cohens from the Tribe of Levi.
They did what they had to do because it needed to be done. Nevertheless several of them died violent deaths and eventually their line was extirpated.
This may have been due to their taking upon themselves a task that rightfully belonged to the other Tribes.
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