BHR-64
Brit-Am Historical Reports
15 February 2011 11 Adar-Aleph 5771
Contents:
1. Australian Aborigines and Ancient Egypt.
Extracts from "Ancient Egypt Link with Australia" by Paul White
2. Israel Recalled by Egyptianst in ca. 1450 BCE? New Findings.
Israel in Canaan (Long) Before Pharaoh Merenptah? by
Peter van der Veen, Christoffer Theis, Manfred Gorg.
3. Archaeology: Brit-Am Version of Exploratort 13.43.
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1. Australian Aborigines and Ancient Egypt
Relevance to Brit-Am: |
Ancient Egypt Link with Australia
An Article by Paul White - 1996
http://www.crystalinks.com/egyptaustralia.html
Excerpts:
The Tjuringa sacred stones of the Kimberley region include a sun symbol identical to that of the Aten. The solar deity worshipped in Egypt around 1000 BC. In Atonist art, the Sun was depicted as having little hands that reached out to touch mankind. There was an Egyptian God named Aton connected to Akhenaten.
Arnhem land and Torres Strait peoples mummified their dead. On Darnley Island in Torres Strait, natives mummified their dead by removing their stomach contents. Then extracted the brains by making an incision through the nostrils with a bone instrument. After inserting artificial eyes of pearl shell, they embalmed the corpse and rowed it 2 miles westward out to sea in a canoe shaped like the 'Boat of Ra' of the Egyptians, for internment on an island of the dead. As if to imitate the Egyptians who ferried their dead across the Nile to the West bank tombs.
The natives of Arnhem Land also believed the soul was conducted to the after life in a canoe rowed by Willuwait the boatman of the dead. If the deceased had led a good life he was allowed to enter Purelko, the afterworld. If not, he was eaten by a crocodile. This belief is identical to the teachings of the Osirian religion of Egypt where Thoth conducted the spirits of the dead into the presence of Osiris for judgement. Here if the souls sins were outweighed by a feather, the body was devoured by the crocodile God Ba.
In 1875 the Shevert expedition retrieved a mummified corpse and an example of the canoe used in funerary rites from Darnley Island. World renowned medical scientist Sir Raphael Cilento who examined the corpse stated the incisions and method of embalming to be the same as those employed in Egypt during the 21st to 23rd dynasties over 2900 years ago.
2. Israel Recalled by Egyptians in ca. 1450 BCE? New Findings.
Israel in Canaan (Long) Before Pharaoh Merenptah?
A Fresh Look at Berlin Statue Pedestal Relief 216871
Peter van der Veen
University of Mainz
Christoffer Theis
University of Heidelberg
Manfred Gorg
University of Munich
http://ia700308.us.archive.org/4/items/vanderveen_918/Jaei2-4VanDerVeenEtAl.pdf
Journal of Ancient Egyptian Interconnections
http://jaei.library.arizona.edu | Vol. 2:4, 2010 | 15.25 15
Extracts:
The topographical relief that is the subject of this article is found on a grey granite slab measuring 46 cm in height and 39.5 cm in width (Figure 1).7 According to the Egyptian Museum's warehouse archival notes, the fragment, most likely part of a statue pedestal, was acquired in 1913 by Ludwig Borchardt from a merchant named M. Nachman, along with several other objects. i.e., (Upper) Retenu. Slab no. 21687 has been tentatively dated by Manfred Gorg to the Nineteenth Dynasty possibly to the reign of Ramesses II. primarily because the mention of the three names (see below) resembles that of Merenptah's "Israel Stele" rather closely. The date may be further supported by additional iconographic features from the same reign at the temple of Karnak (Ashkelon Wall) and a possible vorlage from the reign of Ramesses II.13 Alternatively, the relief may be older (as originally suggested by Gorg and Raphael Giveon, who dated it to the Eighteenth Dynasty).14 There is also a band of hieroglyphs carved above the heads of the prisoners depicted In 2001, Manfred Gorg published a new reading of a fragmentary name ring on a topographical pedestal relief in the Berlin Museum (no. 21687)
.... Gorg suggested reading the broken name as an archaic form for "Israel" and argued that it could have been copied during the Nineteenth Dynasty from an earlier list. As his publication was in German, his proposal has so far been unavailable to a wider English- speaking readership. Two scholars, Bryant Wood and James Hoffmeier, have briefly discussed Gorg's proposal;4 while the former welcomed it, the latter rejected it on linguistic grounds. The present authors republish the relief fragment here in English and include new evidence that appears to support Gorg's original reading.6
..... The topographical sequence of the name IA-Sr-il/YA-Sr-il on the Berlin pedestal relief occurs together with Ashkelon and Canaan and therefore closely resembles the topographical names listed in close proximity to Israel on the Israel Stele (i.e., Pa-Canaan, Ashkelon, Gezer, Yenoam, Israel).54 The proximity of the names in both documents seems to suggest that both texts are related in some way and that both could date to the Figure . ... (Gorg tentatively suggested the reign of Ramesses II for the Berlin relief) and that their geographical nearness suggests the identification with the same topographical entity within central Palestine. For what other name in the same general region would be so strikingly reminiscent of that of biblical Israel?55 As a matter of fact, no linguistically feasible name is attested in any of the extant texts, so "Israel" remains the most logical candidate... (1)
The name "Israel" (as a personal name unrelated to the biblical people of Israel) is attested in ancient Near Eastern documents from the Bronze Age, where it is written with .: I.-ra-il and perhaps I-sar-il, as well as I.srail (at Early Bronze Age Ebla and Late Bronze Age Ugarit, respectively).66 ... Consequently, we would like to emphasize that the reading of "Israel" on the Berlin pedestal relief is at least possible for two main reasons. First, since there exists linguistic evidence that the original name "Israel" could have been written with sh. (for instance, based on the verb y.sh.r), the Egyptian use of S (instead of sh as on Merenptah's Israel Stele) does not preclude the possibility that the name was originally written with sh . in West Semitic.75 Second, and more significantly, the geographical proximity of IA-Sr-il/YA-Sr-il to Ashkelon and Canaan makes the identification with Israel likely. No known location (especially so near to those two familiar geographical entities) has a name so reminiscent of the biblical name "Israel." As stated above, we tentatively ascribe the Berlin pedestal relief to the reign of Ramesses II. Although the reference to "Israel" in association with Ashkelon and Canaan recalls the reference from the reign of Merenptah, a Ramesside date is by no means certain. Gorg originally ascribed the block to the reign of Amenhotep II due to the archaic renderings of the names "Ashkelon" and "Canaan". Giveon preferred a date during the reign of Amenhotep III, which was tentatively accepted by Shmuel Ahituv.77
... It is is not surprising,
as the classical Jewish historian Flavius Josephus equated the
biblical Exodus with the expulsion of the Hyksos
from Egypt.82
Some scholars wish to go beyond the stage of vague memories at this
point and argue in favor of a complex sociopolitical situation at the
end of the Hyksos
period that could have included ethnic and social
groups, such as the Proto-Israelites, who migrated from Egypt and
brought many of the well-fortified Canaanite Bronze Age cities to
their knees.83 Yohanan Aharoni
and (recently) Aaron Burke have
argued that the political and military situation at the end of the
Middle Bronze Age was reminiscent of the descriptions of Canaan
found in the biblical stories, as they portray a country that was
strongly fortified by impressive urban defenses.84 This situation is
completely different from that during the subsequent Late Bronze
Age (especially so during Late Bronze Age II85), when, according to Rivka Gonen,
the Canaanite towns were frequently unfortified and
therefore did not fit the biblical descriptions well.86 John Bimson
and Bryant Wood have shown that the biblical story of the capture
of Jericho (Tell es-Sultan)
so closely resembles the archaeological circumstances
regarding the destruction of
Jericho's impressive
Middle Bronze Age fortifications that one is inclined to believe the
two must be related one way or another.87
2. IA-Sr-il/YA-Sr-il
and Proto-Israelite Migrations
How would this relate to the name IA-Sr-il/YA-Sr-il on the Berlin relief? If the
name refers to biblical Israel, and if it was located in Canaan (as seems to be
indicated by its association with Ashkelon
and Canaan), and if the names had been copied from an
earlier source (supported by the archaic orthography of all three
names on the slab), this would indeed suggest that Proto-Israelites
had migrated to Canaan sometime nearer the middle of the second millenium bce.
Naturally, this proposition will need to be
supported by additional archaeological and epigraphic evidence.
3. Archaeology: Brit-Am Version of
Explorator
13.43
From: david meadows <rogueclassicist@gmail.com>
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ANCIENT NEAR EAST AND EGYPT
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Sumerian finds from Nassiriya:
http://en.aswataliraq.info/Default.aspx?page=article_page&id=140259&1=1
Latest goings-on at Temple Mount:
http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/142187
Feature on the Tiberias excavations:
http://popular-archaeology.com/blog/archaeological-digs/excavating-ancient-tiberias
Interview with Michal Artzy about the excavations at Acre:
http://www.israelnationalnews.com/Radio/News.aspx/2889
Dr Leen Ritmeyer's Blog:
http://blog.ritmeyer.com/
Paleojudaica:
http://paleojudaica.blogspot.com/
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ANCIENT GREECE AND ROME (AND CLASSICS)
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Visit our blog:
http://rogueclassicism.com/
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EUROPE AND THE UK (+ Ireland)
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Our friends over at Stone Pages have a feature on George Nash's findings in
regards to some Mesolithic beads found at the Trefael Stone (Wales):
http://www.stonepages.com/news/archives/004231.html
Feature on Linn Duachaill's Viking fortifications:
http://www.archaeology.org/1101/trenches/viking.html
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ASIA AND THE SOUTH PACIFIC
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More on Polynesian origins:
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/02/110203124726.htm
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OTHER ITEMS OF INTEREST
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A potentially useful 3d map application:
http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg20927986.000-ancient-buildings-brought-to-life-from-historic-maps.html
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TOURISTY THINGS
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Aleppo:
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/middleeast/syria/8310683/Aleppo-Syria-a-cultural-guide.html
Cyrene:
http://www.nzherald.co.nz/travel/news/article.cfm?c_id=7&objectid=10705538
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CRIME BEAT
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Very interesting followup to that stolen Judaica story (from Milan) a few
weeks
ago:
http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4024525,00.html
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EXHIBITIONS, AUCTIONS, AND MUSEUM-RELATED
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Alexander the Great:
http://www.witneygazette.co.uk/news/wgheadlines/8834966.Greek_s_golden_age_to_go_on_show_at_Ashmolean/
Teapots by Design:
http://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/06/nyregion/06artsnj.html
The Victorian sections of the National Museum of Scotland are reopening:
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-edinburgh-east-fife-12414212
http://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/05/arts/05iht-melik05.html
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